When it comes to Japan's "castle towns," many people think of traditional towns in Honshu that developed around samurai lords' residences. However, in Okinawa, history presents a completely different picture. Okinawa was once an independent Ryukyu Kingdom (1429-1879), and its castles differ significantly from the tenshu-kaku (tower keeps) found in Honshu in both design and function. The "castle towns" of Okinawa refer to historic areas centered around Ryukyu castles, which preserve precious traces of Ryukyu culture and are worth exploring in depth.
Ryukyu castles are called "Gusuku," and the main difference from castles in Japan's Honshu lies in their appearance. Most Ryukyu Gusuku are limestone structures without tower keeps, featuring thick limestone walls and unique "kai" door openings, showcasing astrong Southern country atmosphere and distinctive defensive wisdom. These castles served as political centers of the Ryukyu Kingdom, with settlements gradually developing around them, leaving behind historic landscapes worthy of visiting.
The area around Shuri Castle (Naha City) is the most essential starting point for understanding the Ryukyu Kingdom. Once the capital of the Ryukyu Kingdom, it is now developed as the expansive Shuri Castle Park, centered around the Shuri Castle ruins. The main hall within the castle is built following traditional Ryukyu architectural styles, with gold-leaf roofs and vermillion pillars displaying the majesty of the royal family. Walking through the gate and along the ancient stone-paved paths, traditional Ryukyuan houses and souvenir shops line both sides, allowing visitors to experience the prosperity of the royal era. Every Sunday, Ryukyuan dance performances are held within the castle, giving visitors the opportunity to witness the charm of traditional arts.
Nakagusuku Castle Ruins (Kitachinen Village) are hailed as the most romantic castle heritage in Ryukyu. This castle, built in the 14th century, uses local limestone to construct elegant curved walls, appearing like a white castle against the blue sky. The ruins preserve traces of daily life from that era and observation platforms; on clear days, you can gaze far out to the coastline of Onna Village. The sunset here is particularly famous, with golden afterglow shining on the limestone walls, creating a dreamlike scene—a favorite spot for photography enthusiasts.
Zahakamicu Castle Ruins (Yomitan Village) is famous for its "Fuzhou Gate," named after Chinese Fuzhou. This gate, named after Fuzhou in China, is said to have been specially built to thank the Ming Dynasty for its investiture. The castle ruins are located on a small hill; although small in scale, the preservation is excellent, fully presenting the defensive structure of Ryukyu castles. The wall-stacking technique is considered the essence of Ryukyu limestone architecture, showcasing the architectural wisdom of ancestors.
Kateshiro Castle Ruins (Uruma City) is situated on a hill facing the sea, boasting an excellent strategic location. This castle was an important stronghold of theRyukyu Kingdom, with complete defensive facilities; earthworks, stone walls, and gate ruins can still be seen today. Standing at the ruins, you can overlook the magnificent Pacific Ocean, feeling the momentum of the Ryukyu Kingdom's control over the Maritime Silk Road. The downtown area of Urasoe City below the castle also has many well-preserved traditional settlements, worth visiting together.
【Practical Information】
To reach Shuri Castle, take the monorail to "Shuri Station" and walk approximately 10 minutes. Admission is ¥820 for adults, ¥620 for high school students, and free for middle school students and below. Open daily from 8:30 to 18:00 (until 19:00 in summer), closed every Wednesday.
Nakagusuku Castle Ruins can be reached by taking Okinawa Bus to "Nakagusuku Castle Ruins Entrance" stop and walking approximately 15 minutes. Free admission, open 24 hours. Visiting in the evening to enjoy the sunset is recommended.
Zahakamicu Castle Ruins can be reached by taking Ryukyu Bus to "Yomitan Marin" stop and walking approximately 20 minutes. Free admission, open 24 hours.
Kateshiro Castle Ruins can be reached by taking Ryukyu Bus to "Kateshiro Castle Ruins" stop and walking approximately 10 minutes. Free admission.
【Travel Tips】
When visiting Okinawa Castle Heritage, it is recommended to wear comfortable walking shoes, as most castle ruins are located in hilly areas. Some ruins lack formal restrooms, so it's advisable to use facilities before departing. Okinawa has strong sunshine—remember to bring sun protection and stay hydrated. These castles are different from the "castle towns" of Honshu; don't interpret them from the perspective of Japan's Warring States period. Instead, appreciate them with the historical context of the Ryukyu Kingdom for a more rewarding experience!
